Representation and Bias

 1) Whose perspective have Sky News used to present the story? (Clue: it’s in the opening line)
They are showing different related stories about the Tottenham riots

2) How are the police represented in this coverage?

The police are represented to be quite aggressive as they need to handle the situation seriously.3) How are young people represented in this coverage?
the young people are represented to be violent 3) The young people are represented as teenagers who are against the law and the police and so are antagonized and seen as the enemy against the public.

4) Images and videos shown are the aftermath of the "RIOTS" as it has footage of damaged property as well as some video of the protests as the police go against the protesters.

5) Choice of words include "RIOTS", "violence", "hooded and masked attacked Tottenham police station", "full-scale riot", "damage ruins into millions of pounds", "one police officer was hospitalized and seven others injured", "a simmering anger at police". All these choices of words antagonizes the protesters as being represented as villains.

6) The aspect that has been taken by Sky News is the view of the "rioters" causing chaos at Tottenham rather than the protesters view on the death caused by a policeman.

7) Narrative is used by introducing to the audience what has happened in the riots with the voice-over footage to tell what has happened. Also, the police interview is added to give a little more depth for their views making it a story.

8) The Todorov's equilibrium theory is also featured having the riots being the main disequilibrium. There doesn't seem to be a new equilibrium as the news tends to not have the issue resolved as that is what news programmes tends to report. (unless a report with details of the "rioters" being brought to "justice" is mentioned some time later)

e police as they are trying to stop the rioters from causing much chaos. The villains are the protestors...

9) The Propps' theory is also displayed as we see the villains being protesters who are portrayed as dangerous people who are destroying property and police cars by having buses and a police car destroyed. The "villains" are also shown on the attack against the police.

10) the publics accessibility for news progrrames: is Citizen journalism can be used to present a different view of the riots by cutting out moment where the police appears to attacks first so they edit it and make the attacks go in reverse order making the rioters looking like the culprits and the maniacs compared to being a peaceful protest that has then changed into a worsen situation. They may have also just cut out the moments where the police attack.   

Index

TV News index
1) TV News case study 1: Channel 4 News

2) TV News case study 2: BBC News at Six

3) TV News case study 3: coverage of the General Election across different news programmes

4) TV News case study 4: independent case studies (BBC3 60 Second News and Newsround)

5) News Values blog task

6) TV News audience - creating a running order

7) TV News representation - analysing Sky News coverage of the 2011 riots

BBC News at Six

Basic details
1. BBC stands for British Broadcasting Corporation
2. The BBC is funded via the TV License fee
3. The mission statement is to inform, educate, and entertain
4. The remit is to be the most popular programme out of the BBC programmes.
5. The BBC News at Six fits into the remit by having some interesting stories as well as       stories that may affect their audience.

Presenters
1. The presenters are George Alagiah and Sophie Raworth
2. The presenters would often be wearing smart clothing such as a suit but may not wear a tie for a casual appearance which could suggest that the BBC News at 6 is targeted at a younger audience most preferably young teenagers.
3. A TV news programme may use a variety of presenters to show diversity in the news studio as well as maybe change it up so viewers don't have to see the same people presenting time and time again.
4. Other presenters are used to cover different stories such as the different topics and interviews that are in location to cover a lot of stories.
5. There isn't much equality on gender as males still mainly have most of the positions. There also doesn't seem to be a diversity in the ethnicity of the presenters as they are mainly white.

Opening sequence
1. The very first shot is of the presenter who is about to introduce the top heading of today.
2. The opening sequence uses graphics to make the news look more visually appealing as well as show some basic information such as images related to the story.
3. Music is used at the background as a dramatic touch to the stories making the news seem very important.
4. The opening has the presenter talking about the story over footage that links to it as the stories which will show what will happen later on the show. There are also graphics that make it look better for each story and the small segment on sports before getting to the introduction of the logo. 

Studio mise-en-scene

What aspects of the studio can be seen by the audience? Some cameras are shown as the reporter is being filmed.
Are the presenters standing or behind desks? Why do you think this is? The reporter is standing up with the background of nature and this may be to keep the audiences attention on.
Are journalists or technology visible? What might these things suggest to the audience? Technology is only visible when it's purposely being shown possibly to emphasis the fact the the news is recent.
How does the studio use colour? It uses red and blue at all times.


How news stories are presented

How does the news programme typically present a story?  It uses presenters and voice overs but also images.
What difference techniques does the programme use to present the news? (E.g. presenter to camera, reporter on location, interviews, graphics, images, video etc.) Presents are more formal than usual but they are at real locations which is different. Images and graphics were typical like every other news story.
What types of news does the TV News programme typically cover? Give five examples (e.g. politics, international, sport etc.) They usually cover politics and sports.
Give two real examples of how news stories are presented to keep the interest of the audience.
The Scottish international party and female football.


Running order

Watch the first 15 minutes of the programme – as recent as you can find.
What is the top story? The top story is the Scottish international party
How long does the top story last for? About 10 mins
What are the other stories the programme does or will cover? List them in the order they are presented in (the ‘running order’). They also cover sports. Female football.
How long is each story shown for? Usually about 5-10 minutes depending on how important they are.Why do you think each story was shown for the time it was? I think the most important stories are usually shown for the longest.

Audience

What is the target audience for this BBC News at Six? Research online – you should be able to find plenty of suggestions to the target audience if not the official target audience of the programme. Around 35 year olds.  
What are the viewing figures for BBC News at Six?   9.6 million on average per week.
Why might someone choose to watch this TV news programme over others? It has a great amount of different news stories about the world we live in and many will find that useful to engage in.
Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme or comment? They can get involved on social network such as twitter.
What audience pleasures (Uses and Gratifications theory – Blumler and Katz) does the programme offer? People get to know what is happening around the world.

Institution

What other news programmes and services does the BBC offer in addition to the BBC News at Six?
BBC One
BBC Two
BBC Three
BBC Four
CBBC
CBeebies
BBC News Channel
BBC Parliament
BBC ALBA
BBC World News
S4C
What role does OFCOM have in making sure TV News is fair and accurate? It makes sure that news, in whatever form, is reported with due accuracy and presented with due impartially.

TV News and New/Digital Media

Does the TV News programme have a dedicated website?
Yes it does. 
What does the website offer viewers?
You can find all the information you need if u missed it on TV or if you don't like watching the news on TV.
Does the TV News programme have a Twitter feed?
Yes it does. 
How does the Twitter feed promote the programme?
The audience can interact with the live programme and also give their own opinions and comments about the stories. 
Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme or submit news stories?
Yes, you can use hashtags to upload any citizen journalism 

Channel 4 News

Basic details

When is Channel 4 News on?
Monday-Friday at 7pm-7.55pm
When was the programme first broadcast?
November 2nd 1982
What awards has the programme won?
International Emmy Award for NewsBritish Academy Television Award for Best News Coverage British Academy Television Award for Best News and Current Affairs JournalismWhat is the media institution that produces Channel 4 News?
The Media institution that produces Channel 4 News is ITN

Presenters
Who are the presenters?
Jon Snow, Krishnan Guru-Murthy, Cathy Newman, Matt Frei
What are the presenters wearing?
Channel 4 News readers are told never to wear anything that is too colourful in the studio, but the story of Jon's ties is a bright one: recently one of them sold at a charity auction for £600.
What does this communicate to the audience?
This makes the audience more interested because in the Channel 4 website they have link to Jon Snows tie in which you click and it takes you to all the news.
Why might a TV News programme use a variety of presenters?
Because they want difference presenters as they attract different audiences. e.g having a women for one bulletin.
How are other reporters or presenters used in the TV News programme?
They are presented to be slightly informal and controversial since that is channels 4 job to deliver news in that way.
Is there a balance between male and female presenters? 
yes there is but there is slightly more male presenters but channel 4 try to deliver both gender groups.  
What about race/ethnicity? 
Channel 4 deliver news for different ethnic groups. They are also multicultural and fair towards their audience.
What effect might these aspects have on an audience? 
The audience will watch channel 4 as they have their specific ethnic group in which

Opening sequence

Analyse the opening 2 minutes of the programme.

What is the very first shot?

The first shot is the logo with he graphics and institution titles
How does the opening sequence use graphics or images to grab the attention of the audience?
The opening sequence has a lot of colours with grabs the audience attention and enhances the channel 4 theme and appearance.
How is music used in the opening sequence
Channel 4 has melodious music in which is motivational and intimidating
How are news stories introduced in the opening two minutes? 
Is there just one story or are the audience told what will be coming up later? 
in the opening they have images and videos of the issues that they are going to discuss.

Studio mise-en-scene

What aspects of the studio can be seen by the audience? (Desk, cameras etc.)
when the presenter reports the camera moves in a 360 degree motion panning upwards and the entire studio is shown.
Are the presenters standing or behind desks? Why do you think this is? 
Jon Snow is standing most of his time but when he wants to really engage with the audience he sits down and talks informally about his opinions and point of view.
Are journalists or technology visible? What might these things suggest to the audience?
How does the studio use colour? 
The studio uses a range of urban colour scheme in order to give it a futuristic theme.

How news stories are presented

How does the news programme typically present a story?
It gradually builds up as the news programme progresses in the opening they show sneak peaks of the news that they are going to present today.

What difference techniques does the programme use to present the news? (E.g. presenter to camera, reporter on location, interviews, graphics, images, video etc.)
The programme uses a lot of animations as its a different way to present something and helps people to understand clearly e.g they could be deaf. They also go to other civilians and ask them for their opinions in order to make the programme fair. They also show citizen journalism in order to make it look more realistic. 
What types of news does the TV News programme typically cover? Give five examples (e.g. politics, international, sport etc.)
In the opening intro they show many sneak peaks of the things that they are going to present today e.g Tesco loosing 6.5 billion.

Running order
What is the top story? 
ISIS beheading an american journalist
How long does the top story last for?
at least 4-5 mins
What are the other stories the programme does or will cover? List them in the order they are presented in (the ‘running order’).
the other stories are about Tesco loosing £6.5 billion
How long is each story shown for? 
stories that are the least important are 2mins long
Why do you think each story was shown for the time it was?
Because they are extremely and they need to be presented with detail as thats what channel 4 is known for

Audience

What is the target audience for this TV News programme? Research online – you should be able to find plenty of suggestions to the target audience if not the official target audience of the programme.
The target audience is mainly young adults at 16+ 
Why might someone choose to watch this TV News programme over others?
People might want to watch channel 4 as its presented to be controversial and in which teenagers or younger audience could relate as they may find it really interesting on what e.g the presenter may have their opinion about it.
Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme or comment?
yes they can report their news or issues on the website or they can use hashtags of videos in which they want to share and then eventually channel 4 will inform you.
What audience pleasures (Uses and Gratifications theory – Blumler and Katz) does the programme offer? 
The programme successfully does surveillance for the uses and gratification theory so people are informed about what's happening.

Institution

Who owns, runs or produces this TV News programme?
Ofcom owns channel 4 and moderates to ensure everything is alright.
Does the institution own, run or produce any other TV News programmes, channels or newspapers?
Ofcom also has ITV and Channel 5 News and many others
How does the programme fit the TV channel it is on?
Channel 4 has a selected time in which makes it really different to other programmes.
What role does OFCOM have in making sure TV News is fair and accurate?
Ofcom checks if the programme that are biased or impartial as it can some negative views and complaining audiences.


TV News and New/Digital Media

Does the TV News programme have a dedicated website?
Channel 4 has catch up in case you miss the news and still want to be informed.
What does the website offer viewers?
It offers clips in which everyone can watch specific news.
Does the TV News programme have a Twitter feed?
Yes it does it also has facebook, instagram etc.
How does the Twitter feed promote the programme?
The twitter page has live discussions with people answers audience questions.
Is there an opportunity for the audience to get involved in the programme or submit news stories? 
Yes, they can submit videos and also hashtag specific news in which will attract groups in which will lift the story.

Exam Topic TV News

Research 

1) Choose two TV News programmes to research.

Sky News is a 24-hour, multi-media news operation based in Britain. It provides non-stop rolling news on television, online, and on a range of mobile devices – as well as delivering a service of national and international radio news to commercial radio stations in the UK. The news service places emphasis on rolling news, including the latest breaking news. Having launched as a 24-hour television news channel in 1989, Sky News has also grown into a digital operation through its websiteand mobile apps. It is also a content provider for news services in the UK and around the world.

Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster which began transmission on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), the station is now owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation, a public body established in 1990, coming into operation in 1993. With the conversion of the Wenvoe transmitter group in Wales to digital on 31 March 2010, Channel 4 became an entirely UK-wide TV channel for the first time.

Bulletin 1
'Eaten Alive' Star Admits Show 'Misleading'

21:09, UK,Monday 08 December 2014

An explorer who was to be eaten alive by a giant snake on television has accepted the programme was "misleading" after viewers ridiculed him when the show failed to live up to its billing.

Bulletin 2 

Miliband Finds A Way To Sweeten Bitter Pill

T

he Labour leader draws battle lines between the two main parties - but do his plans to balance Britain's books have credibility?                  

Thursday 11 December 2014

20:47

Presenter:Faisal Islam

Bulletin 3

Police Fully Aware Of Vulnerability To Attack

Police officers are well aware of the threat of physical attack and many keep their jobs under wraps - even from their neighbours.

13:59, UK,

Tuesday 09 December 2014

Presenter:Martin Brunt

3) Research the institutions behind your two TV News programmes. Find out the following for each:

• Who owns or controls the institution-Channel 4 and sky news team
• How the institution is funded or makes money- They get money from TV licence but they are a non profitable company.
• Any controversial issues or complaints that the institution has had to deal with in recent years- Balotelli Apologises Over 'Anti-Semitic' Pic

4) Find out the target audience for your two TV News programmes. You should be able to find a detailed breakdown online if you search intelligently. If you cannot find anything, write what you think the target audience for the programme would be and why. Channel 4 aimed at younger audience-15-20. Sky news-30-80 since its a 24hours repeat bulletin.

Film

The Vice

Genre: Action/Thriller

An innocent girl gets bullied and then falls into a group of Russian Mafia.The girl then realises that she's weak and then things turn serious. A boy named Philip had witnessed everything and vows to save the girl after she is hospitalized after being brutally beaten by her pimp he then uses magic in order to scare away the depraved Mafia psychologically. He then faces the reality upon him and does extraordinary things.

NCIS

Equalizer

Genre:Action/crime

Robert McCall (Denzel Washington) is a retired black ops government operative who lives in Boston, Massachusetts and works at a Home Mart hardware store, where he befriends many of his co-workers and also tries to help a security guard trainee named Ralphie pass his qualification exam. McCall has promised his recently deceased wife that he'd leave his old life behind, but is compelled to act after his teenage friend Teri (Chloë Grace Moretz) whose real name is Alina, was seen being mistreated by her pimp. Alina's life was destroyed at the age of five or six when she was a victim of sex trafficking by the Russian Mafia and then became their sex slave and forced into prostitution. The characters are known for action and thriller movies such as the Equalizer. Denzel Washington is known for his roles in action movies and all of them are hits so this is why they decided to use him in this film. Typical hollywood action film.There is plenty of iconography typical of an action genre: a car chase, gunshots, violence, technology, running and jumping from a bridge, explosions and smashing glass. All of these are typical of the action or thriller genres - in connection with the narrative, we can confidently say this is a thriller. The film is set in Boston NY and the scenes are situated in central NY where there is plenty of Mafia gangs.

Let's Be Cops

Genre:Action/comedy

It's the ultimate buddy cop movie except for one thing: they're not cops. When two struggling pals dress as police officers for a costume party, they become neighborhood sensations. But when these newly-minted "heroes" get tangled in a real life web of mobsters and dirty detectives, they must put their fake badges on the line. The characters play roles of comedy which matches the genre throughout the film. the fact that they are fake cops already tells you that this film is a (joke) which also matches the genre. we can see in the trailer that the two actors are described as two mates who fall into a world of misleading.The film is set in New York and most scenes of the trailer are mainly located in crime scenes where they have to solve problems which they are not expecting such as car chases, gunshots, violence etc.

Blue Streak

Genre:Action/comedy

This film is about a Jewel thief Miles Logan (Martin Lawrence) was being chased by the police after a robbery when he was forced to hide a cache of diamonds, worth $20 million, at a construction site. Despite his caution, Miles ended up behind bars anyway; after serving his time, he goes back to retrieve the stones only to discover what was being built: a police station. Miles needs to spend some time at the station to figure out what happened to his nest egg, so he sneaks in, posing as a police detective.The characters in this film are represented as theifs who later realise the reality they have to face after released from prison. they face many problems and funny situations this film has met the genre clearly since there is pack full of laughter. The film setting matches the genre since its a comedy movie there are many places where chases and gunshots take place.